Named individuals occur naturally in ontologies as names for specific things, persons, institutes, etc. Furthermore, SHOIN has been expanded with reflexive, antisymmetric, and irrelexive roles, disjoint roles, a universal role. Among others, complex role inclusion axioms of the form R ◦ S ⊑ R or S ◦ R ⊑ R to express propagation of one property along another one have been added, which have proven useful for many domains. The description logic with signature SROIQ is an extension of the earlier description logic SHOIN by all expressive means that were suggested by ontology developers, and which do not affect its decidability and practicability. The expressive description logic underlying the contemporary OWL 2 submission is called SROIQ ( Krotzsch et al. The main building blocks of OWL are very similar to those of DLs, with the main difference that concepts are called classes and roles are called properties. The OWL is a knowledge representation language standardized with the W3C, which is a crucial application of description logics. The choice of adequate description logic ( DL) for project ( Telnov 2019) is dictated, on the one hand, by the requirement of a complete and accurate knowledge representation about the subject area (domain) as far as possible, on the other hand, by the necessity to work effectively with remote semantic repositories using SPARQL queries. Methodology and state of the art 2.1 Adequate description logic The potential beneficiaries of information solutions and technologies that are proposed in the paper are students, teachers, experts, engineers, managers and specialists in the domain of nuclear physics and nuclear power engineering (target audience). The task of the study was to create the following graphs of nuclear knowledge: The aim of the work presented in the paper is to create a semantic web portal of knowledge in the domain of nuclear physics and nuclear power engineering based on ontology and using graph databases deployed on cloud platforms. With the help of inductive inference the problems of classification and clustering of new concepts and individuals in the semantic base of nuclear knowledge are solved.
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Secondly, inductive inference is one of the basic technologies of semantic annotation of network content, when it is necessary to redesign, expand and update existing graphs with new knowledge. First, inductive inference rules based on consideration of possible alternatives (precedents) allow to generate cognitive hypotheses (fuzzy knowledge) that cannot be obtained directly by deductive reasoning on the graph. As for the inductive inference rules in graphs, the following considerations make them useful. As of 2019 educational web–portals of universities, national centers for the exchange of scientific information, world nuclear data centers underused semantic web technologies. The reports of International Conference on Semantic Systems, International Workshops on Description Logic noted the growing interest of giants of the IT industry (Google, Facebook, Wikimedia) to graph models of knowledge representation and description logics. 2010) provide a modern theoretical basis for the creation of systems and methods of acquisition, presentation, processing and integration of problem–oriented knowledge in computer systems, which, in particular, is confirmed by the current standards W3C in the field of semantic web. In 2019, the ontology description languages RDF, OWL ( W3C 2012), knowledge graphs and description logics ( Baader et al. Since the 1960s, in the framework of research on artificial intelligence, various formalisms for knowledge representation (semantic networks, frame systems, etc.) have been developed ( Harmelen et al.